This model relates the population density ... often because of the complexity of indirect interactions that involve multiple species and changing environmental conditions. Commensalism is an ...

When a bird species (donor) begins to aggressively ... Protective ant-plant interactions as model systems in ecological and evolutionary research. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and ...

To understand these differences, Langendorf developed a novel community model that created a movie of species interactions, to understand the changes in the ecosystem over the 30 years at both sites.

"Our model not only takes averages into account but also incorporates variability and correlations between data points, enabling us to capture microbial interactions much more precisely," explains ...

To understand what was going on in the ecosystem, Langendorf developed a model that created ‘a movie of species interactions’. It revealed more competition between the different urchins ...