In the 20th century, Paul Ekman identified six basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) and Robert Plutchik eight, which he had in oppositional pairs (joy-sadness ...

Lay presentations of research on emotions often make two claims. First, they assert that all humans develop the same set of core emotions. This claim is called the “basic emotion approach ...

Following the work of psychologist Paul Ekman (1992), it is common to divide emotions (and mood) into basic (or simple) and complex (non-basic). The basic emotions are joy, surprise, anger ...

In the 1960s and 1970s, Ekman conducted cross-cultural studies and identified what he believed to be six basic emotions that he argued were universally recognized through facial expressions ...

In the 20th century, Paul Ekman identified six basic emotions ... and the theory does not explain why infants and animals do not share (or appear to share) in complex emotions.

This claim is called the “basic emotion approach” (Ekman, 1992). Second, they assert that each emotion produces a facial expression that is quickly recognized by others.

The concept of 'basic’ or ‘primary’ emotions dates back at least to the Book of Rites, a first-century Chinese encyclopaedia that picks out seven ‘feelings of men’: joy, anger, sadness ...