Podolsk is an industrial city, center of Podolsk Urban Okrug, Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Pakhra River. Population: 314,934. Th…Podolsk is an industrial city, center of Podolsk Urban Okrug, Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Pakhra River. Population: 314,934. The first mentions of the village of Podol, which belonged to the votchina of the Danilov Monastery, are contained in the church letopis of 1627-1628. On October 5, 1781, by the personal decree of Catherine II, the Podolsky Uyezd was formed, and the village of Podol was renamed the city of Podolsk.